Almost every assignment you complete for a history course will ask you to make an argument. Your instructors will often call this your "thesis" -- your position on a subject. What is an Argument? An argument takes a stand on an issue. It seeks to persuade an audience of a point of view in much the same way that a lawyer argues a case in a court of law Dallas Baptist University (Dallas, TX) Ranked in the 99th percentile nationally by the NCTQ in its Teacher Prep Review for traditional undergraduate elementary education programs and ranked # in US News & World Report’s Best Education Schools, Dallas Baptist University is a private institution that was founded over a century ago. 2,3 With a total undergraduate enrollment size of Sep 13, · When Elaine Hutchison’s mother started teaching in Oklahoma in , she made about $7, a year. In dollars, that’s roughly $45,—nearly the
Exactly How Teachers Came to Be So Underpaid in America | Time
Looking for an interactive experience? Explore the history of teachers and education using our multimedia timeline! It uses the teaching as a profession essay v. Any Person qualified as above, and well recommended, will be put into immediate Possession of the School, on applying to the Minister of Charles Parish, York County.
There were, of course, career schoolmasters, but, especially in smaller and rural schools, the people who stood in front of the classroom might well be farmers, surveyors, even innkeepers, who kept school for a few months a year in their off-season.
The more educated and ambitious schoolmasters were young men who made the schoolroom a stepping-stone on their way to careers in the church or the law. The connections they made with local ministers and school committees in securing teaching jobs often helped them when they moved on to their real professions. Their attainments, therefore, to say the least, are usually very moderate.
But as new public schools, called Common Schools, sprang up everywhere, there simply were not enough schoolmasters to staff them. Mann and his fellow reformers like James Carter, teaching as a profession essay, Henry Barnard and Catharine Beecher saw that the schools needed not only more teachers, but better teachers. Many of the most promising young men continued to be teaching as a profession essay off by more prestigious professions, as well as by new industries and the lure of the western frontier.
So where would the army of new teachers come from? There was, of course, another ready source of labor, if reformers could convince the public to accept it. Women were poised to take over the schoolroom. Common School The Common School is the precursor to today's public school. In the late s, the reformer Horace Mann of Massachusetts proposed a system of free, universal and non-sectarian schooling.
Each district would provide a school for all children, regardless of religion or social class hence the term Common School. Previously, church groups or private schools had provided most education for children, for which students generally had to pay tuition. The new schools would be funded by taxes and special fees paid by parents.
In addition to teaching basic literacy and arithmetic skills, the new schools would, according to reformers, instill a common political and social philosophy of sound republican principals. Mann and others hoped such democratic consensus would ward off much-feared political instability and upheaval. Children would gain needed knowledge while learning how to be productive democratic citizens.
The advent of the Common School significantly affected teachers and the teaching profession. The increasing number of new schools across the country demanded greater numbers of educated teachers. In order to staff the schools, communities turned to women, spurring the feminization of the teaching profession -- the entry and eventual domination of women in the workforce.
It also led to the formalization of teacher training, often through Normal Schools. very poor policy to pay a man 20 or 22 dollars a month, for teaching children the ABCs, when a female could do the work more successfully at one third of the price.
While the teaching as a profession essay teachers were not particularly well educated, they did demonstrate that women could teach, teaching as a profession essay. In any case, younger women were becoming better educated; the United States, in fact, had a very high degree of female literacy.
The Common School reformers seized on the idea of hiring women to teach in the new schools. They cited as women's most important qualification their femininity -- the fact that they were women. But they often added, in an aside, that women need be paid only a third what men received.
The reformers argued that women were by nature nurturing and maternal, as well as of high moral character. As Mann wrote in"The school committee are sentinels stationed at the door of every school house in the State, to see that no teacher crosses its threshold, who is not clothed, from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot, in garments of virtue, teaching as a profession essay. Teachers were moral exemplars, the models and instructors of upright living.
Even as they granted women moral superiority, teaching as a profession essay, reformers quietly worried over women's ability to maintain order in the classroom and discipline unruly children. In many schools, the new schoolmarms were young - some only fourteen or fifteen years old. They had finished the equivalent of eighth grade and, teaching as a profession essay, in some teaching as a profession essay, that qualified them to teach.
Their pupils might well be taller and older than they - at least when the farm boys put in their periodic appearances in the classroom, teaching as a profession essay.
Nineteenth-century female teachers often complained that teaching was most challenging when the "big boys," who would either flirt or tease and defy them, arrived. The reformers often derided women's intellectual capabilities. Yet women were becoming better educated than ever before, and state officials took notice.
In this period, most states began to put in place requirements for teachers: basic academic competence and attendance at summer institutes for ongoing training. Many beginning with Massachusetts in had inaugurated Normal Schools, institutions devoted to teacher education.
Normal Schools Normal Schools were originally established to provide systematic training of teachers. Their goal was to prepare teachers for work in the emerging Common Schools at a level beyond the teaching as a profession essay grammar-school education many teachers previously brought to the classroom.
Normal Schools prided themselves on their thorough, cohesive and "scientific" curriculum. They would provide a norm for all teachers hence the term Normal School that would assure a level of quality generally unavailable previously. The first state-sponsored Normal School was established in Lexington, Massachusetts inunder the guidance of Cyrus Peirce and at the urging of Horace Mann.
While the idea of Normal Schools achieved great popularity for a period and many states moved to set up their own schools, in fact, the heyday of Normal Schools was relatively short-lived. Around the turn of the twentieth century, as reformers sought to professionalize teaching to a greater degree, education courses increasingly moved into regular colleges and universities.
But the impact of Normal Schools on the concept of teacher training was enormous, as states recognized the need to provide teachers with stimulating and demanding preparation courses. Admittedly, the curriculum was generally not very teaching as a profession essay -- reading, writing, basic arithmetic, a little geography and history. The texts often took the form of simple moral tracts and primers of childish virtues.
Webster's blue-backed speller was popular, as was the Bible, and later McGuffey's famous readers. Still, women flocked to teaching. Not only were they grateful for the salary, however meager; they also welcomed the independence and sense of purpose teaching gave them. No doubt some regretted having to leave their homes and earn their own livings. Many assumed they would teach only a few years until they married.
But many others welcomed the escape from a life of drab labor, isolation or frivolity. Teaching gave women a window onto a wider world of ideas, politics and public usefulness.
Ironically, the women teachers could effect change precisely because they had no longstanding, vested interest in teaching careers. They were, in a sense, outsiders. But they formed associations, went to summer training institutes, exchanged ideas and friendships, and unobtrusively contributed to the transformation of their communities.
The feminization of teaching changed not only how society perceived women, teaching as a profession essay, but how women perceived themselves. Port Royal Experiment Begun in on the South Carolina Sea Islands, the Port Royal Experiment was an early attempt to prepare newly freed slaves for full democratic participation in post-Civil War society.
When Union forces began an assault on St. Helena Island on the Port Royal Sound, the plantation owners fled, leaving behind their homes, possessions, and 10, slaves. Philanthropic Northerners, including Laura Towne and Charlotte Forten, undertook to educate the soon-to-be freedmen.
Their goals were literacy, economic independence and civil rights. Their efforts to bring the freedmen into "white society" became known as the Port Royal Experiment. Hampton Institute Founded in during southern Reconstruction, Hampton Institute in Virginia began as an agricultural college and Normal School for newly freed slaves. It was the vision of General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, teaching as a profession essay, who had commanded an African-American brigade during the Civil War.
Armstrong, who led Hampton untilteaching as a profession essay, perceived a need for vocational training for black Americans and convinced the American Missionary Association to establish Hampton.
Its emphasis on practical manual skills rather than strict academic pursuits was seen at the time as enlightened and important for African-Americans in a period of crucial transition. InHampton added an Indian Department, headed by another Civil War veteran, Captain Richard Henry Pratt.
Teacher Elaine Goodale Eastman joined the Indian Department that year, launching her lifelong engagement with Native Americans. InHampton teaching as a profession essay over the Penn School, the school founded by Laura Towne on the South Carolina Sea Islands. Americanization Since the Common School erabringing diverse people into the American mainstream has been one of the primary goals of public education. Around the turn of the 20th century, immigrants flooded into the United States.
In alone, authorities recorded the arrival of more than 1, newcomers. The movement to assimilate and Americanize these foreigners took on new urgency. Especially in cities, schools were not only expected to teach English, but to instill American customs, manners mores. At times the methods were extreme; principal Julia Richman, for instance, recommended washing students' mouths out with soap, kosher soap if necessary, when they spoke their native languages.
Still, many immigrant families were grateful for the job the schools did; they saw the school as a bridge to a new and better life. And it often was. Students looked to teachers as role models, exemplars of gentility and success in the new land. Wounded Knee, South Dakota InAmerican troops were convinced that a small band of Sioux Indians in South Dakota were planning an uprising. The Native Americans were practicing the Ghost Dance ritual, which foretold the return of the buffalo and the fall of the white man.
While many observers, including the teacher Elaine Goodale Eastman, were convinced that the Sioux had no intention to wage war, the U. military thought otherwise. The tension came to a head near Wounded Knee Creek, close to the Pine Ridge Reservation, in the dead of winter. Government troops opened fire on unarmed men, women and children, killing nearly two hundred of them and injuring countless others.
This action was among the last skirmishes of the American Indian Wars, teaching as a profession essay, but its legacy has lived on in uneasy relations ever since. I became increasingly aware of this subservience to an ever growing number of authorities with each succeeding year, until there is danger today of becoming aware of little else.
But women made up a far smaller percentage of administrators, and their power decreased with each higher level of authority. Their deportment had always been closely watched; increasingly their work in the schoolroom was not only scrutinized, but rigidly controlled. Teacher autonomy was on the decline, and teachers resented it. Especially in big city schools, teachers at the turn of the 20th century felt like the most insignificant cogs in a huge machine.
Teaching as a Profession
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Dallas Baptist University (Dallas, TX) Ranked in the 99th percentile nationally by the NCTQ in its Teacher Prep Review for traditional undergraduate elementary education programs and ranked # in US News & World Report’s Best Education Schools, Dallas Baptist University is a private institution that was founded over a century ago. 2,3 With a total undergraduate enrollment size of Make your Teaching Statement brief and well written. While Teaching Statements are probably longer at the tenure level (i.e. pages or more), for hiring purposes they are typically pages in length. Use a narrative, first-person approach. This allows the Teaching Statement to be both personal and reflective. Make it specific rather than Almost every assignment you complete for a history course will ask you to make an argument. Your instructors will often call this your "thesis" -- your position on a subject. What is an Argument? An argument takes a stand on an issue. It seeks to persuade an audience of a point of view in much the same way that a lawyer argues a case in a court of law
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